初一英语语法知识？

一、初一英语语法--词法

1、名词

A）、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas

二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories

　2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways

四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese

七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks

八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers

十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡

十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或's。如：Is(I's),Ks(K's)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs

十二）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen

2、代词

项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称单数Imemyminemyself

复数weusouroursourselves

第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself

复数youyouyouryoursyourselves

第三人称单数sheherherhersherself

hehimhishishimself

itititsitsthisthatitself

复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves

3、动词

A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains

二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys

四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes

五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has

B）现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing

二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having

三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show-showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning

四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter-shortest,taller-tallest,longer-longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest

二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest

三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest

四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/well-better bestmany/much-more mostbad/ill-worse worst

little-less leastold-older/elderoldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英语语法--句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句a)This is a book.(be动词)

b)He looks very young.(连系动词)

c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)

e)There's a computer on my desk.(Therebe结构)

否定陈述句a)These aren't their books.b)They don't look nice.

c)Kate doesn't go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can't find her doll.

e)There isn't a cat here.(=There's no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let's learn English!

c)Come in,please.

否定祈使句a)Don't be late.b)Don't hurry.

3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句a)Is Jim a student?b)Can I help you?c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV?e)Is she reading?

肯定回答:a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.

否定回答:a)No,he isn't.b)No,you can't.c)No,she doesn't.d)No,they don't.e)No,she isn't.

2)选择疑问句Is the table big or small?回答It's big./It's small.

3)特殊疑问句

①问年龄How old is Lucy?She is twelve.

②问种类What kind of movies do you like?I like action movies and comedies.

③问身体状况How is your uncle?He is well/fine.

④问方式How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.

How do we contact you?My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.

⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club?

⑥问时间What's the time?(=What time is it?)It's a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up,Rick?At five o'clock.

When do you want to go?Let's go at 7:00.

⑦问地方Where's my back pack?It's under the table.

⑧问颜色What color are they?They are light blue.

What's your favourite color?It's black.

⑨问人物Who's that?It's my sister.

Who is the boy in blue?My brother.

Who isn't at school?Peter and Emma.

WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?

⑩问东西What's this/that (inEnglish)?It's a pencilcase.

What else can you see in the picture?I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.

11问姓名What's your aunt's name?Her name is Helen./She's Helen.

What's your first name?My first name's Ben.

What's your family name?My family name's Smith.

12问哪一个Which do you like?I like one in the box.

13问字母What letter is it?It's bigD/small f.

14问价格How much are these pants?They're 15 dollars.

15问电话号码What's your phone number?It's 576-8349.

16问谓语(动作)What's he doing?He's watching TV.

17问职业(身份)What do you do?I'm a teacher.

What's your father?He's a doctor.