英语翻译时的定语后置

英语的定语有前置后置之分。单个词一般前置。

英语的定语后置有下列几种情况:

1. 形容词作复合代词的定语时必须后置。如something, anything, nothing, everything, someone, anyone,somebody, no one, nobody, everyone等。例如:

He has something good to eat.他有些好吃的东西。

Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。

2. 带前缀a-的形容词通常作表语用,但这些形容词作定语时,需要后置。常见的这类形容词有 afraid, alive, along, alike, ashamed, asleep, ablaze, awake等。例如:

He was the only man awake at that time. 他是当时唯一醒着的人。

Who is the greatest man alive? 当今最伟大的人物是谁?

Time alone will show you who was right. 只有时间将会表明谁是正确的。

The house ablaze is next door to me. 着火的那所房子就在我家隔壁。

The young woman went out to work with a boy asleep on her back. 这位少妇背上背着一个呼呼大睡的男孩去上班了。

3. 含相近意义的两个(或两上以上的)形容词作定语时要后置,此时可以用来进一步强调或解释前面的词。例如:

Never have I read a novel so interesting and instructive. 我从未看过这么有趣而有教育意义的小说。

The boy, tired, hungry and thirsty, fell down on the beach. 这男孩精疲力竭,又饥又渴,倒在海边的沙滩上。

4. 两个含相反意义的并列形容词中间常用and或or相连。这些并列的形容词作定语时,通常要后置。例如:

The peasants, old and young, all went to get in the crops today. 今天那些农民,有老的,有少的,都去收割庄稼了。 The trees, big and small, grow well. 不管是大树还是小树,都生长良好。

5. 作定语用的形容词与表示度量的短语连用时要后置。例如:

There is a tree eight metres tall in front of his house. 他家门前有一棵8米高的树。

He crossed a street fifteen metres wide. 他横穿过一条15米宽的街道。

He has a sister twenty years old. 他有一个20岁的姐姐。

There is an avenue two kilometers long in this city. 这座城市里有一条两公里长的林荫道。

6. 某些以后缀-able和-ible结尾的形容词作定语时要后置,常见的这类形容词有

sensible, visible, responsible, possible, acceptable, remarkable, available等。例如:

The girl responsible for the accident was expelled. 对事故负有责任的那个姑娘被开除了。

He has no tickets available for Friday's performance. 他没有弄到星期五演出的门票。

The engineers have tried all the means possible. 那几位工程师试用过所有可以采用的方法。

7. 有些作定语用的形容词前置或后置时,意义大不相同。例如:

The people present at the meeting are all workers. 出席会议的都是工人。

Professor Chen gave us a lecture on the present international situation yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午陈教授给我们作了一个关于目前国际形势的报告。

The United States proper is almost the same size as China. 美国本土的面积与中国差不多一样大。

Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given in the following brackets. 用下列括号内单词的适当形式填空。

8. 某些表示地点、方位、时间的副词作定语时,通常要后置 如:above(上方的),below(下面的),on(活动,进行,上演),out(外出),back(后面的),away(离开的)等。例如:

Do you know the lady downstairs ? 你认识楼下的那位女士吗?

The people there are going to Beijing. 那里的人们打算去北京。

The life tomorrow will be more comfortable. 明天的生活将令人感到更舒适。

The clouds above began to get thicker,上方的云开始密集起来。

From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上我们可以看到下面的平原。

9. enough修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。例如:

We have not enough time(或者 time enough)to do the job.我们没有足够的时间做该工作。

10. 短语作定语须后置,如形容词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语等。例如:

This is a basket full of apples. 这是一个装满苹果的篮子。

Italian is a Language very difficult to learn. 意大利语是一门非常难学的语言。

The life in the future must be beautiful. 未来的生活 一定会美好。

You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利!

She must have time in which to pack.她必须有时间收拾行李。

The girl sitting by my side is my cousin.坐在我旁边的是我表妹。

She is a nurse trained by ourselves.她是我们自己培养的护士。

11. 定语从句作后置定语。例如:

The girl I saw told me to come back today.

This house, for which he paid $ 150,000,is now worth $3000,000. 这所房子他买时花了15万美元,现在值30万美元。

Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.星期天是假日,这一天人们不上班。