CFA考试中Giffen goods和Veblen goods 是什么含义?
高顿CFA研究院为你解答:
Giffen?goods(吉芬商品):
Are?inferior?goods
Demand?decreases?as?price?decreases,?demand?curve?has?positive?slope.
Negative?Income?effect?>?Positive?Substitution?effect
收入效应为负,且收入效应大于替代效应的次级商品为吉芬商品,随着价格下降需求也下降,吉芬商品一定是次级商品,但次级商品不一定为吉芬商品。
Veblen?goods?(韦伯伦商品)
Demand?increase?as?price?rises,?goods?are?not?inferior?goods.
Demand?curve?has?positive?slope
Examples?of?Veblen?goods:?luxury?goods
韦伯伦商品有着正斜率的需求曲线,随着价格上升需求上升,但韦伯伦商品不是次级商品,韦伯伦商品包括奢侈品。
异同点:
韦伯伦商品与吉芬商品有很多相似点,但实际两者差异很大,吉芬商品不符合需求定理,或是说违反了需求法则,吉芬不是能代表地位的商品,因为收入的提高反而会削减购买吉芬商品的欲望,而韦伯伦商品,则会随着价格升高而需求增大,是一种炫耀性商品,并不违反需求定理。
下图表示了负的收入效应大于正的替代效应,下降的价格会导致需求数量下降,对于个体来说,需求曲线的斜率为正;注意下图中横纵坐标的单位都是数量,初始面包需求量为Qa,当面包的价格下降时,由于替代效应消费者倾向于购买更多的面包,所以数量为Qb,而由于面包的收入效应为负,且大于替代效应,所以面包的需求数量又下降到Qc
例:Which of the following statements with respect to Giffen and Veblen goods is least accurate?
A.?Both types of goods violate the fundamental axioms of demand theory.
B. Giffen goods are “inferior goods” whereas Veblen goods are “status” goods.
C. Both types of goods demonstrate the possibility of a positively sloping demand curve.
答案:A
解析:A is correct. Giffen goods?violate the fundamental axioms of demand theory, but Veblen goods do not.
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